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CP.IX.D — Vortex Ring State (VRS) Avoidance

CP.IX.D for the Commercial Pilot Powered Lift ACS: official objective, references, and 15 exact knowledge, risk-management, and skill descriptions.

FAA-S-ACS-2, November 2023. This study page does not replace the current FAA publication or an examiner's plan of action.

Official task context

CP.IX.D official ACS context
Certificate or ratingCommercial Pilot
Aircraft categoryPowered Lift
Area of operationArea of Operation IX. Emergency Operations
TaskTask D. Vortex Ring State (VRS) Avoidance
Task code prefixCP.IX.D
Official referencesFAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25; Flight Manual
FAA documentFAA-S-ACS-2 — Commercial Pilot for Powered-Lift Category Airman Certification Standards
FAA source libraryOpen the official ACS library

Official task objective

To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with preventing the aircraft from entering and the procedure for recovering from Vortex Ring State (VRS).

What the ACS code means

  • CP identifies the ACS standard family used for this Commercial Pilot Powered Lift document.
  • IX identifies Emergency Operations, the Area of Operation.
  • D identifies Vortex Ring State (VRS) Avoidance, the Task within that Area.
  • K, R, and S identify knowledge, risk-management, and skill elements. The number selects the item; a trailing lowercase letter identifies a listed sub-element.

Knowledge elements

Official ACS knowledge items and mock-oral treatment
ACS codeOfficial descriptionHow a mock oral can probe it
CP.IX.D.K1Elements of vortex ring state.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
CP.IX.D.K2Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
CP.IX.D.K3Requirements for the formation of VRS.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
CP.IX.D.K4Aircraft systems that aid the pilot in avoiding VRS, if applicable.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
CP.IX.D.K5Aerodynamics and indications of VRS.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
CP.IX.D.K6Flight scenarios under which VRS can occur.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
CP.IX.D.K7Asymmetric VRS, if applicable.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
CP.IX.D.K8Effective recovery techniques.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
CP.IX.D.K9Control inputs and configuration changes to recover from VRS.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.

Risk management elements

Official ACS risk management items and mock-oral treatment
ACS codeOfficial descriptionHow a mock oral can probe it
CP.IX.D.R1Conditions for entering VRS.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
CP.IX.D.R2Pilot recognition and response to VRS.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
CP.IX.D.R3Loss of control.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
CP.IX.D.R4Collision hazards.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
CP.IX.D.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.

Skills elements

Official ACS skills items and mock-oral treatment
ACS codeOfficial descriptionHow a mock oral can probe it
CP.IX.D.S1[Intentionally left blank].Describe the procedure, interpretation, or decision process that can be discussed during an oral. Physical aircraft performance remains part of the practical test.

Difficulty data

Difficulty calibration is ongoing for this Task. A difficulty estimate is published only with a sufficiently large, privacy-preserving first directly recorded assessment sample. Any observed difficulty comes from Checkride AI mock-oral practice assessments and is a practice-data proxy, not an FAA practical-test pass or fail rate.

Difficulty calibration remains ongoing until an item clears the private reporting threshold. Percentages, when available, describe the share who needed review on their first directly recorded assessment. Underlying sample sizes are never published, and historical final states are not backfilled into this measure.

Official task notes

  • Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.

How to use this in a mock oral

A mock examiner can ask you to explain the published elements, apply them to the configured aircraft and airport scenario, identify risks, and defend a decision. The prompts are practice scenarios; they are not claimed to be actual FAA examiner scripts or a prediction of the questions you will receive.

Practice in a mock oral

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