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AI.II.C — Runway Incursion Avoidance

AI.II.C for the Flight Instructor Airplane ACS: official objective, references, and 14 exact knowledge, risk-management, and skill descriptions.

FAA-S-ACS-25, November 2023. This study page does not replace the current FAA publication or an examiner's plan of action.

Official task context

AI.II.C official ACS context
Certificate or ratingFlight Instructor
Aircraft categoryAirplane
Area of operationArea of Operation II. Technical Subject Areas
TaskTask C. Runway Incursion Avoidance
Task code prefixAI.II.C
Official referencesAC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25
FAA documentFAA-S-ACS-25 — Flight Instructor for Airplane Category Airman Certification Standards
FAA source libraryOpen the official ACS library

Official task objective

To determine the applicant understands runway incursion avoidance, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.

What the ACS code means

  • AI identifies the ACS standard family used for this Flight Instructor Airplane document.
  • II identifies Technical Subject Areas, the Area of Operation.
  • C identifies Runway Incursion Avoidance, the Task within that Area.
  • K, R, and S identify knowledge, risk-management, and skill elements. The number selects the item; a trailing lowercase letter identifies a listed sub-element.

Knowledge elements

Official ACS knowledge items and mock-oral treatment
ACS codeOfficial descriptionHow a mock oral can probe it
AI.II.C.K1Runway incursion definition.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
AI.II.C.K2Taxi instructions/clearances.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
AI.II.C.K3The importance of recording taxi instructions and reviewing taxi routes on the airport diagram.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
AI.II.C.K4Airport markings, signs, and lights including the importance of hold lines associated with runways.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
AI.II.C.K5Appropriate flight deck activities during taxiing, including taxi route planning, briefing the location of Hot Spots, communicating and coordinating with ATC.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.
AI.II.C.K6Communication and operational procedures at uncontrolled airports.Explain the element, apply it to a scenario, and connect the answer to current references or aircraft information when relevant.

Risk management elements

Official ACS risk management items and mock-oral treatment
ACS codeOfficial descriptionHow a mock oral can probe it
AI.II.C.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
AI.II.C.R2Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
AI.II.C.R3Entering or crossing runways.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
AI.II.C.R4Night taxi operations.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
AI.II.C.R5Low visibility taxi operations.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
AI.II.C.R6Runway incursion after landing.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.
AI.II.C.R7Operating on taxiways between parallel runways.Work through a scenario by identifying the hazard, evaluating the risk, and explaining a practical mitigation or decision.

Skills elements

Official ACS skills items and mock-oral treatment
ACS codeOfficial descriptionHow a mock oral can probe it
AI.II.C.S1Deliver instruction on the elements and techniques for runway incursion avoidance.Describe the procedure, interpretation, or decision process that can be discussed during an oral. Physical aircraft performance remains part of the practical test.

Difficulty data

Difficulty calibration is ongoing for this Task. A difficulty estimate is published only with a sufficiently large, privacy-preserving first directly recorded assessment sample. Any observed difficulty comes from Checkride AI mock-oral practice assessments and is a practice-data proxy, not an FAA practical-test pass or fail rate.

Difficulty calibration remains ongoing until an item clears the private reporting threshold. Percentages, when available, describe the share who needed review on their first directly recorded assessment. Underlying sample sizes are never published, and historical final states are not backfilled into this measure.

How to use this in a mock oral

A mock examiner can ask you to explain the published elements, apply them to the configured aircraft and airport scenario, identify risks, and defend a decision. The prompts are practice scenarios; they are not claimed to be actual FAA examiner scripts or a prediction of the questions you will receive.

Practice in a mock oral

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