# PA.VI.B — Navigation Systems and Radar Services — Private Pilot Airplane ACS

> PA.VI.B from FAA-S-ACS-6C, including the official objective, references, notes, and 16 exact knowledge, risk-management, and skill descriptions.

Canonical HTML: [https://www.check-ride.ai/acs/airplane/private-pilot/pa-vi-b](https://www.check-ride.ai/acs/airplane/private-pilot/pa-vi-b)

Site reference: [https://www.check-ride.ai/llms.txt](https://www.check-ride.ai/llms.txt)

## Official Task context

- FAA document: Private Pilot for Airplane Category Airman Certification Standards
- Identifier: FAA-S-ACS-6C
- Published source date: November 2023
- Aircraft category: Airplane
- Certificate or rating: Private Pilot
- Area of Operation: Area of Operation VI. Navigation
- Task: Task B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services
- Task code prefix: PA.VI.B
- Official references: AC 91-78; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
- FAA source library: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs

## Official Task objective

To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with navigation systems and radar services.

## Knowledge elements

- **PA.VI.B.K1** — Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, and signal integrity).
- **PA.VI.B.K2** — Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).
- **PA.VI.B.K3** — Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).
- **PA.VI.B.K4** — Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).

## Risk management elements

- **PA.VI.B.R1** — Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
- **PA.VI.B.R2** — Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
- **PA.VI.B.R3** — Limitations of the navigation system in use.
- **PA.VI.B.R4** — Loss of a navigation signal.
- **PA.VI.B.R5** — Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.

## Skills elements

- **PA.VI.B.S1** — Use an airborne electronic navigation system.
- **PA.VI.B.S2** — Determine the airplane’s position using the navigation system.
- **PA.VI.B.S3** — Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.
- **PA.VI.B.S4** — Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.
- **PA.VI.B.S5** — Recognize signal loss or interference and take appropriate action, if applicable.
- **PA.VI.B.S6** — Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.
- **PA.VI.B.S7** — Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.

## Difficulty methodology

Difficulty calibration is ongoing for this Task. Observed difficulty is a privacy-thresholded check-ride.ai mock-oral practice proxy, not an FAA practical-test pass or fail rate. Underlying sample sizes and the private reporting threshold are not published.

## Official Task notes

- The evaluator should reference the manufacturer’s equipment supplement(s) as necessary for appropriate limitations, procedures, etc.

## Use in practice

A mock examiner can ask a pilot to explain the published elements, apply them to the configured aircraft and airport context, identify risks, and defend a decision. Practice prompts are not represented as actual FAA examiner scripts or predictions of the questions a candidate will receive.