# PA.I.H — Human Factors — Private Pilot Airplane ACS

> PA.I.H from FAA-S-ACS-6C, including the official objective, references, notes, and 22 exact knowledge, risk-management, and skill descriptions.

Canonical HTML: [https://www.check-ride.ai/acs/airplane/private-pilot/pa-i-h](https://www.check-ride.ai/acs/airplane/private-pilot/pa-i-h)

Site reference: [https://www.check-ride.ai/llms.txt](https://www.check-ride.ai/llms.txt)

## Official Task context

- FAA document: Private Pilot for Airplane Category Airman Certification Standards
- Identifier: FAA-S-ACS-6C
- Published source date: November 2023
- Aircraft category: Airplane
- Certificate or rating: Private Pilot
- Area of Operation: Area of Operation I. Preflight Preparation
- Task: Task H. Human Factors
- Task code prefix: PA.I.H
- Official references: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-25
- FAA source library: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs

## Official Task objective

To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with personal health, flight physiology, and aeromedical and human factors related to safety of flight.

## Knowledge elements

- **PA.I.H.K1** — Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:
- **PA.I.H.K1a** — a. Hypoxia
- **PA.I.H.K1b** — b. Hyperventilation
- **PA.I.H.K1c** — c. Middle ear and sinus problems
- **PA.I.H.K1d** — d. Spatial disorientation
- **PA.I.H.K1e** — e. Motion sickness
- **PA.I.H.K1f** — f. Carbon monoxide poisoning
- **PA.I.H.K1g** — g. Stress
- **PA.I.H.K1h** — h. Fatigue
- **PA.I.H.K1i** — i. Dehydration and nutrition
- **PA.I.H.K1j** — j. Hypothermia
- **PA.I.H.K1k** — k. Optical illusions
- **PA.I.H.K1l** — l. Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives
- **PA.I.H.K2** — Regulations regarding use of alcohol and drugs.
- **PA.I.H.K3** — Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.
- **PA.I.H.K4** — Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.

## Risk management elements

- **PA.I.H.R1** — Aeromedical and physiological issues.
- **PA.I.H.R2** — Hazardous attitudes.
- **PA.I.H.R3** — Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
- **PA.I.H.R4** — Confirmation and expectation bias.

## Skills elements

- **PA.I.H.S1** — Associate the symptoms and effects for at least three of the conditions listed in K1a through K1l with the cause(s) and corrective action(s).
- **PA.I.H.S2** — Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, for actual flight or a scenario given by the evaluator.

## Difficulty methodology

Difficulty calibration is ongoing for this Task. Observed difficulty is a privacy-thresholded check-ride.ai mock-oral practice proxy, not an FAA practical-test pass or fail rate. Underlying sample sizes and the private reporting threshold are not published.

## Use in practice

A mock examiner can ask a pilot to explain the published elements, apply them to the configured aircraft and airport context, identify risks, and defend a decision. Practice prompts are not represented as actual FAA examiner scripts or predictions of the questions a candidate will receive.