# AI.II.C — Runway Incursion Avoidance — Flight Instructor Airplane ACS

> AI.II.C from FAA-S-ACS-25, including the official objective, references, notes, and 14 exact knowledge, risk-management, and skill descriptions.

Canonical HTML: [https://www.check-ride.ai/acs/airplane/flight-instructor/ai-ii-c](https://www.check-ride.ai/acs/airplane/flight-instructor/ai-ii-c)

Site reference: [https://www.check-ride.ai/llms.txt](https://www.check-ride.ai/llms.txt)

## Official Task context

- FAA document: Flight Instructor for Airplane Category Airman Certification Standards
- Identifier: FAA-S-ACS-25
- Published source date: November 2023
- Aircraft category: Airplane
- Certificate or rating: Flight Instructor
- Area of Operation: Area of Operation II. Technical Subject Areas
- Task: Task C. Runway Incursion Avoidance
- Task code prefix: AI.II.C
- Official references: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-25
- FAA source library: https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs

## Official Task objective

To determine the applicant understands runway incursion avoidance, can apply that knowledge, manage associated risks, demonstrate appropriate skills, and provide effective instruction.

## Knowledge elements

- **AI.II.C.K1** — Runway incursion definition.
- **AI.II.C.K2** — Taxi instructions/clearances.
- **AI.II.C.K3** — The importance of recording taxi instructions and reviewing taxi routes on the airport diagram.
- **AI.II.C.K4** — Airport markings, signs, and lights including the importance of hold lines associated with runways.
- **AI.II.C.K5** — Appropriate flight deck activities during taxiing, including taxi route planning, briefing the location of Hot Spots, communicating and coordinating with ATC.
- **AI.II.C.K6** — Communication and operational procedures at uncontrolled airports.

## Risk management elements

- **AI.II.C.R1** — Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
- **AI.II.C.R2** — Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
- **AI.II.C.R3** — Entering or crossing runways.
- **AI.II.C.R4** — Night taxi operations.
- **AI.II.C.R5** — Low visibility taxi operations.
- **AI.II.C.R6** — Runway incursion after landing.
- **AI.II.C.R7** — Operating on taxiways between parallel runways.

## Skills elements

- **AI.II.C.S1** — Deliver instruction on the elements and techniques for runway incursion avoidance.

## Difficulty methodology

Difficulty calibration is ongoing for this Task. Observed difficulty is a privacy-thresholded check-ride.ai mock-oral practice proxy, not an FAA practical-test pass or fail rate. Underlying sample sizes and the private reporting threshold are not published.

## Use in practice

A mock examiner can ask a pilot to explain the published elements, apply them to the configured aircraft and airport context, identify risks, and defend a decision. Practice prompts are not represented as actual FAA examiner scripts or predictions of the questions a candidate will receive.